在 Ubuntu 上安装 Docker CE

2024-07-31 / Docker
目录
  1. 一、准备
    1. 2.1 准备 GPG 证书
    2. 2.2 写入更新源
  2. 二、安装
  3. 三、检查
  4. 四、安装 docker-compose

本文主要以 Ubuntu 20.04 为例讲述如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 系列 Linux 发行版上通过上游官方仓库安装 Docker CE，其他发行版的安装方式也类似，不同地方主要在源地址配置中。

一、准备

2.1 准备 GPG 证书

将以下内容保存为名为 docker-gpg.txt 文件。

注：以下内容来源于仓库中 gpg 文件。

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执行以下命令写入仓库 GPG 证书。

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/
$ cat gpg.txt | sudo base64 -d > /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

2.2 写入更新源

在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list 文件中写入以下内容：

deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu focal stable

其中：

  1. https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu 为仓库地址，根据所在地区可以选取不同的地址。

    以下是一些常用镜像仓库地址：

    • https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
    • https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu
    • https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu
    • https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu
    • https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu
    • https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu

  2. focal 为 Ubuntu 发行版代号。

    以下是 Ubuntu 主要发行代号和版本号对应关系：

    • focal: Ubuntu 20.04
    • jammy: Ubuntu 22.04
    • mantic: Ubuntu 23.10
    • noble: Ubuntu 24.04

二、安装

在GPG证书和更新源配置都准备完成之后，执行以下命令更新仓库索引并安装 docker-ce 软件包：

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install -y docker-ce

三、检查

通过以下命令查看安装的 Docker CE 版本号：

$ sudo docker version

示例：

root@Lemuria:~# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           27.1.1
 API version:       1.46
 Go version:        go1.21.12
 Git commit:        6312585
 Built:             Tue Jul 23 19:56:56 2024
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          27.1.1
  API version:      1.46 (minimum version 1.24)
  Go version:       go1.21.12
  Git commit:       cc13f95
  Built:            Tue Jul 23 19:56:56 2024
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.7.19
  GitCommit:        2bf793ef6dc9a18e00cb12efb64355c2c9d5eb41
 runc:
  Version:          1.7.19
  GitCommit:        v1.1.13-0-g58aa920
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
root@Lemuria:~#

四、安装 docker-compose

通过以下命令将 Docker CE 自带的 docker-compose 插件安装至系统目录。

$ sudo cp /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

安装完成后通过以下命令查看版本号：

$ docker-compose version

示例：

root@Lemuria:~# docker-compose version
Docker Compose version v2.29.1